A "Grain Of Wheat" Ministries publication

Translated by David W. Dyer

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The letter of Paul to the Romans

ROMANS CHAPTER 1

1:1Paul, a servant of Jesus the Anointed One, chosen to be a sent one, being separated for the good news from God, 1:2which he promised ahead of time through his prophets in the holy scriptures. 1:3This good news concerns the Son, Jesus the Anointed One our Lord, who was born of the seed of David according to earthly lineage. 1:4He is the One who was confirmed to be the Son of God by the resurrection from the dead through the power supplied by the Spirit of holiness.

1:5It is through him that we received grace and a commission to bring obedience to God through faith from among those of every nation for the sake of his name. 1:6You also have been chosen from among the nations to belong to Jesus the Anointed One.

1:7To all who are in Rome – loved by God; called to be holy ones: May you have grace and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus the Anointed One.

1:8First, I thank my God through Jesus the Anointed One for you all, that your faith is proclaimed throughout the whole world. 1:9For God, whom I serve in my spirit in the good news concerning his Son, is my witness of how I continually mention you at all times in my prayers, 1:10requesting that by any means now, after so long a time, I may succeed in coming to you by the will of God.

1:11For I long to see you so that I may impart to you some spiritual benefit to the end that you may be strengthened, 1:12that is, that I may be comforted together with you, each of us by the other’s faith, both yours and mine.

1:13And I don’t want you to be ignorant brethren that I often determined to come to you (but was hindered until now) so that I might have some fruit among you also, just as among the rest of the Gentiles. 1:14I am bound in my obligation both to Greeks and to foreigners, both to the wise and to the foolish. 1:15Consequently, on my part there is an eagerness in me to proclaim the good news to you who are in Rome also.

1:16For I am not ashamed of the good news message; for it is the power of God which results in complete salvation to everyone who is believing, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. 1:17For through it the righteousness of God is revealed in us as our faith grows step by step {“from faith to faith”}, as it is written, “Now the one who exhibits righteous character is he who will conduct his life by faith” (Hab 2:4).

1:18For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and immoral acts of men who have the truth but practice immorality 1:19because that which makes God known is apparent to them, for God has shown it to them. 1:20For his invisible attributes, even his eternal power and divinity, have been clearly revealed since the creation of the world, being understood through the wonderful workmanship of that which he has made so that they have no excuse.

1:21Even though they perceived God, they didn’t glorify him as God nor were they thankful, but their inner thoughts were foolish and their insensitive hearts were darkened. 1:22Claiming to be wise, they became fools 1:23and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images which resembled mortal men, birds, four-footed animals, and reptiles. 1:24Therefore, God gave them up to the cravings of their hearts, resulting in unclean behavior, i.e. treating their bodies shamefully by what they do with each other.

1:25This happens with those who have exchanged the truth of God for a lie and have worshipped and served the things which have been created instead of the One who created them who is blessed forever. Amen.

1:26For this reason God gave them over to shameful passions. Not only did their women exchange the natural practice of sexual intercourse [i.e. with men] for that which is opposed to nature, 1:27but the men also, leaving the natural practice of sexual intercourse with women, burned in their carnal cravings for each other: men with men performing indecent acts and receiving within themselves the results of their error which is only right.

1:28So since mankind refused to recognize and cling to God in their conscious mind God gave them over to have a degenerate mind, doing those things which are not right, 1:29being filled with all kinds of unrighteousness: sexual immorality, hatred, the desire for wealth, the impulse to injure others; being full of envy, murder, arguments, cheating, and moral depravity.

They are gossipers, 1:30slanderers, God-haters, violent, proud, braggarts, inventors of evil acts, disobedient to parents, 1:31without understanding, covenant-breakers, without normal affection, impossible to placate, without mercy; 1:32who, knowing the sentence of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of death, not only do them, but also are pleased with those who practice them too.

ROMANS CHAPTER 2

2:1Therefore, you are without excuse, O man, when you judge everyone else. For in whatever you judge another, you condemn yourself, for you who judge others practice the very same things. 2:2But we know that God’s judgment, which is according to truth, is against those who practice such things.

2:3So do you suppose, O man – who judges those who practice such things yet does the same things – that you will escape the judgment of God? 2:4Or do you not properly value the richness of his kindness – which is revealed through his restraint and patience toward us – not understanding that the goodness of God is meant to guide you to repentance?

2:5But following your hard and unrepentant heart, you store up anger for yourself on the day when God will reveal his anger and righteous judgment 2:6and will repay everyone according to his works.

2:7Those who through patience do what is good, seeking for glory and honor and that which is incorruptible: these he will repay with the fulness of his eternal life. 2:8But those who, on the one hand, find excuses and refuse to obey the truth, being persuaded by sin, he, on the other hand, will repay with fierce anger 2:9causing distress and anguish, for every human soul who practices evil – for the Jew first and also for the Greek.

2:10But glory, honor, and peace will be for everyone who practices what is excellent – for the Jew first and also for the Greek. 2:11For God does not discriminate between persons. 2:12For as many as have sinned, being ignorant of the law, will also be destroyed without the law, and as many as have sinned under the law will be judged by the law.

2:13No doubt, it is not those who merely hear the law that God considers just, but those who fulfill the law are the ones who will be considered just.

2:14For when Gentiles who don’t have the law practice the things in the law by their natural disposition, they show that they have a law inside of them even though they don’t have the written law.

2:15In this way they demonstrate that what the law is meant to produce is written in their hearts and agrees with the testimony of their conscience which weighs their thoughts, either approving or condemning them. 2:16According to the good news message which I proclaim, this will be clearly revealed on the day when God judges the secret thoughts of men by Jesus the Anointed One.

2:17Look, you who are called a Jew, you depend upon the law, boast in God, 2:18know his will, and approve the things that are excellent, being instructed out of the law. 2:19You are confident that you yourself are a guide of the blind, a light to those who are in darkness, 2:20a corrector of the foolish, a teacher of babes. You have an appearance of knowledge and of the truth which you get from the law.

2:21You, therefore, who teach another, don’t you teach yourselves too? You who preach that a man should not steal; do you steal? 2:22You who say that a man should not commit adultery; do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols; do you pilfer things offered at their shrines?

2:23You who boast in the law; do you dishonor God through your violation of the law? 2:24This is in agreement with what has been written: the name of God is slandered among the Gentiles because of you.

2:25For on one hand, circumcision is profitable if you practice the law, but on the other hand, if you are a violator of the law, your circumcision becomes uncircumcision. 2:26If, therefore, the uncircumcised person observes the ordinances of the law, won’t his uncircumcision be considered circumcision? 2:27And won’t the one who is physically uncircumcised, if he fulfills the law, form a low opinion of you who with the written document and physical circumcision are a law violator?

2:28For he is not a Jew who is one superficially neither is true circumcision something merely outward in the body, 2:29but he is a true Jew who is one inwardly and genuine circumcision is something which happens not by the letter of the law but in the heart by the operation of the Spirit; whose approval does not come from men but from God.

ROMANS CHAPTER 3

3:1What then is special about the Jew? Or what is the usefulness of being of the “circumcision?” 3:2Much in every way. First of all, they were entrusted with the oracles of God. 3:3What does it matter if some were without faith? Will their lack of faith make the faithfulness of God ineffective?

3:4In no way! But God will be found to be speaking the truth and every man will be found to be a liar. It will happen according to what is written: “You, God, will be seen to be just through your words and be blameless when you judge” (Ps 51:4).

3:5But if our sinfulness serves to point out God’s righteousness, what can we say? Is God unjust when he brings punishment? (I say this from a human point of view.) 3:6In no way! Otherwise, how then will God judge the world?

3:7For if God’s truth has overflowed to his glory through my “lies,” why am I also still said to be a sinner?

3:8However, our teaching is not as they slanderously accuse us and not as some affirm that we say, “Let us do evil so that good may come.” Their punishment is just.

3:9What then, are we better than they? Assuredly not! For we already proved that not only the Jews and Greeks but all are under sin, 3:10as it is written, “There is no one righteous, no, not one. 3:11There is no one who understands. There is no one who seeks after God. 3:12They have all turned aside. They all together have become useless. There is no one who does good, no, not even one. 3:13Their throat is like an open tomb; they deceive others with their tongues. Snake poison comes from their lips” (Ps 5:9).

3:14“Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness” (Ps 10:7). 3:15“Their feet are quick to shed blood. 3:16Their way of living produces destruction and misery 3:17and they have not known the way of peace.” 3:18“There is no fear of God before their eyes” (Ps 36:1).

3:19Now we know that whatever the law says, it speaks not only to those who are under the law but speaks so that every mouth may be shut and the whole world may be subject to the judgment of God. 3:20The reason for this is that no one will be made righteous before God by keeping the law. For what the law brings is the full recognition of sin.

3:21But now, separately from the law, the righteousness of God has been revealed about which the law and the prophets testified. 3:22This is God’s own righteousness which, through the faith of Jesus the Anointed One, is the result attained by all those who are believing. Here there is no distinction between peoples 3:23for all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God.

3:24Yet these are being made righteous freely by his grace, being released through the ransom which was paid by the Anointed One, Jesus, 3:25whom God placed as the atoning sacrifice. Then, through faith because of his blood, we become a display of his righteousness.

Through his self-restraint, God passes over our previous sins 3:26in order to demonstrate his justice at this present time so that he might be just and might be making righteous the one who has the faith of Jesus.

3:27Where then is there space for our boasting? It has been excluded. By what kind of law? By the law of works? No, but through the principle of faith. 3:28Therefore, we are considering that a man is being made righteous by faith without doing any works of the law. 3:29Or is God the God of Jews only? Isn’t he the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also!

3:30Seeing that there is only one God, it is he who will be making those who are circumcised righteous by faith and those who are uncircumcised righteous through faith. 3:31Do we then make the law useless through faith? In no way. Instead, we confirm the law.

ROMANS CHAPTER 4

4:1What, then, can we say that Abraham our forefather gained through fleshly effort? 4:2For if Abraham was made righteous by his works he has something to boast about, but not before God. 4:3For what does the scripture say? “And Abraham believed God and he was considered as being righteous.”

4:4Now to someone who labors, the wages he receives are not considered to be a gift of grace but as something which is owed. 4:5In the same way, if someone doesn’t do works but is believing on the One who makes the ungodly righteous, his faith is allowing him to be considered as righteous.

4:6This also fits with what David said when pronouncing a blessing on the man whom God is considering righteous separately from his works 4:7when he says, “Blessed is the man whose wickedness is forgiven and whose sins are covered. 4:8Blessed is the man whom the Lord does not consider sinful” (Ps 32:1,2).

4:9Is this blessing then pronounced only upon those who are circumcised or also upon those who are uncircumcised? For we say that Abraham was considered righteous because of his faith.

4:10When then was this decided? After he was circumcised or while he was still uncircumcised? Not while circumcised, but while still uncircumcised.

4:11And he received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while he was still uncircumcised. This was so that he could be the father of all those who are believing even if they are uncircumcised and so that they, too, could be being considered righteous.

4:12Furthermore, it was so that he could be the father of the cutting away of the flesh {circumcision} not only to those who are physically circumcised but also to those who are walking in the steps of the faith which our father Abraham had while still uncircumcised.

4:13For the promise to Abraham and to his seed that he would be heir of the world was not given by means of the law, but through the righteousness produced by faith. 4:14For if it is through the law that they are made heirs then faith is useless and the promise is inactivated. 4:15For the law brings out {exposes} our strong natural passion. But where there is no law, there can be no violation of the law.

4:16This is the reason that the promise is obtained through faith according to grace so that the promise may be in force for all the “seed.” This was not only to those who are of the law but also to those who are of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all, 4:17as it is written, “I have made you the father of many nations” (Gn 17:5). Being faced with this, he believed God, who gives life to the dead and calls the things that don’t exist into existence.

4:18Who, even though the promise seemed beyond hope, still believed with hope so that he would become the father of many nations according to the word which had been spoken, “This is how it will be with your offspring” (Gen 15:5).

4:19And not being weakened in faith, he didn’t fix his mind on his own body which was already “dead” (since he was about a hundred years old) or on the barrenness of Sarah’s womb.

4:20Instead of wavering in unbelief, he looked to the promise of God and was strengthened through faith, giving glory to God, 4:21being fully assured that what he had promised he was also able to do.

4:22Therefore, he was considered to be righteous. 4:23Now it is written that he was considered righteous not only for his sake 4:24but also for our sake, who would also be being considered righteous, i.e. those who are believing on the One who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead.

4:25It is he who was delivered up to death for our sins and was raised from the dead for our being made acceptable to God.

ROMANS CHAPTER 5

5:1Therefore, being made just through our faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus the Anointed One, 5:2through whom we also have our access by faith into this grace by which we are established. Therefore, we rejoice in hope of receiving the glory of God.

5:3And not only this, but we also rejoice in our afflictions, knowing that affliction produces endurance; 5:4and endurance, proven character; and proven character, hope: 5:5and hope doesn’t let us down because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit which has been given to us.

5:6For while we were as yet without strength to live without sinning, at the right time the Anointed One died for the ungodly. 5:7It is a rare thing that someone would die for a righteous man. It is even less probable that someone would have the courage to die for a merely good man.

5:8But God exhibits his own love toward us in that while we were still sinners, the Anointed One died for us. 5:9Much more then, now being made righteous through his blood, we will be being saved from the wrath of God through him.

5:10For if, while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, much more, having been reconciled, we will be saved by his life growing up in us. 5:11And not only this, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus the Anointed One through whom we have now received the restoration to divine favor.

5:12By means of one man, sin entered into the world and death through sin. And in this way death was passed on to all men, since everyone sins. 5:13For even before the law, sin was in the world, but charges are not brought against sin when there is no law.

5:14Even so, death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the same way that Adam sinned – who is a kind of example of him who was to come.

5:15But shouldn’t God’s gift of grace work in a similar way as the sin? For if because of the sin of the one, the many died, how much more will the grace of God and the gift which comes through the grace of that one man, Jesus the Anointed One, overflow to the many!

5:16And since sin came by one man, shouldn’t the gift come through one man also? For, on one hand, the judgment which came on one was condemnation, but, on the other hand, the free gift which came upon the many who sinned was being considered just. 5:17For if by the sin of the one, death reigned over everyone because of that one, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign by God’s life through the One, even Jesus the Anointed One.

5:18So then, just as through one sin judgment came on all men, in the same way, through one righteous act, being made just before God through the operation of his life came to all men. 5:19For just as many were made sinners through the one man’s disobedience, many will be being made righteous through the obedience of the One.

5:20The law entered in alongside so that the sin would be shown to be abundant. But where sin was abundant, grace was even more abundant 5:21so that as sin reigned producing death, even so grace would reign by producing righteousness – the result of God’s eternal life through Jesus the Anointed One, our Master.

ROMANS CHAPTER 6

6:1What will we say then? Will we continue in sin so that grace may be abundant? 6:2In no way! Since we are dying to sin, how can we live in it anymore? 6:3Or don’t you realize that all who are being immersed {baptized} into the Anointed One, Jesus are immersed into his death? 6:4Therefore, we are being buried with him into death through immersion into the Anointed One so that as the Anointed One was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, so we also should be walking in the newness of the Father’s life.

6:5For as we become united together with him in the form of his death, to that same degree we will also be like him in his resurrection. 6:6We know this: that our “old man” is being crucified with him so that sin in its entirety would be rendered inoperative, in order that we would no longer be in slavery to sin. 6:7For he who is dying is being freed from sin.

6:8And if we die together with the Anointed One [actually experience his death], we are believing that we will also be sharing his life, 6:9knowing that the Anointed One, having been raised from the dead, no longer dies since death has no more dominion over him.

6:10For when he died, the sin principle died right then. Now he is living by the life of God. 6:11Consequently, you really should be considering yourselves to be like a corpse with respect to sin but living by the life of God in the Anointed One, Jesus.

6:12Therefore, don’t let sin rule in your mortal body by obeying its cravings. 6:13Neither yield your members to be weapons of sin by doing what is evil. But instead present yourselves to God as alive from the dead and offer your members to God as instruments of righteousness. 6:14For sin cannot dominate you because you are not under the regimen of the law but under the supply of grace.

6:15What about now? Should we sin because we are not under law but under grace? In no way! 6:16Don’t you know that to whomever you present yourselves as servants in obedience, you are the slaves of the one you obey, whether it is to sin resulting in death or it is to obedience to God resulting in righteousness?

6:17But even though you were slaves of sin, through the favor of God you are obeying from the heart that pattern of instruction which was given to you. 6:18And being set free from sin, you are becoming slaves of righteousness.

6:19I speak in human terms because of the weakness of your fallen human nature. For in the same way that you presented your bodies as slaves to impurity – even to sin leading to ever more sin – so now present your bodies as slaves of righteousness leading to being made holy. 6:20For when you were slaves of sin, you were free with respect to righteousness. 6:21But what benefit did you have at that time, through the things of which you are now ashamed? For the result of those things is death.

6:22But now, being set free from sin and being enslaved to God, you have the “fruit” of being made holy as the result of God’s eternal life. 6:23For the wages of sin is death but the free gift of God is his eternal sinless life through the Anointed One, Jesus our Lord.

ROMANS CHAPTER 7

7:1Or are you ignorant, brethren (for I speak to men who know the law), that the law has dominion over a man for as long as he is alive? 7:2For example, the woman who has a husband is bound by law to the husband while he is alive, but if the husband dies she is freed from the bond of the law to the husband.

7:3Now if, while the husband is alive, she is intimate with another man, she will be called an adulteress. But if the husband dies, she is free from the law so that she is not an adulteress, even though she becomes another man’s wife.

7:4Therefore, my brethren, you also have died to the law (your previous “husband”) through the dead body of the Anointed One, so that you could be legally “married” to another, even to the One who has risen from the dead, so that we would bear fruit to God.

7:5For when we were in the flesh, the sinful passions which are exposed through the law worked in our members to bring forth the fruit of death. 7:6But now we have been freed from the demands of the law – dying to that in which we were held – so that we can be serving in newness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter of the law.

7:7What can we say then? Does the law produce sin? In no way. However, I would not have known sin except through the law. For I would not have known impure desire was wrong unless the law had said, “You shall not lust.” 7:8For, based on the commandment, I see that sin has produced all sorts of lust in me, since without the law, sin seems “inactive.”

7:9And I was “alive” apart from the law once, but when the commandment came, sin “revived” and I died. 7:10And I found the commandment, which was for life, to be death. 7:11For sin, finding its opportunity through the commandment, was deceiving me and through it was killing me. 7:12Therefore, the law is truly holy and the commandment holy, just, and good.

7:13Did, then, that which is good become death to me? In no way! But sin, that it might be shown to be sin, produced death in me through that which is good so that because of the commandment, sin would be revealed as being exceedingly sinful.

7:14For we know that the law is spiritual. But I am carnal, having been sold as a slave to sin. 7:15For that which I do, I don’t approve of. And that which I don’t want to do, I practice. For I even do things that I detest.

7:16But if I practice these things and yet I don’t agree with them, I consent that the law is good. 7:17So now it is no longer “I” who do it but the sinful nature [of the soul-life] which lives in me.

7:18Now I know that in me, that is in my flesh, lives a nature which is not good. For the willingness to live righteously is present with me but actually doing that which is good is not. 7:19And the good which I want to do, I don’t do. But the evil which I don’t want to do, I practice. 7:20But if I practice that which I don’t want to do, it is no longer “I” who do it but the sinful nature which lives in me.

7:21I discover, then, this principle: that when I want to do good, evil is present. 7:22For I delight in the law of God with my inner man [the new, spiritual man] 7:23but I see a different principle working in my members, warring against God’s law which is in my mind and bringing me into captivity under the principle of the sinful nature which is in my members.

7:24Oh, what a miserable man I am! Who will deliver me from this body of death? 7:25I thank God that my deliverance is through Jesus the Anointed One, our Lord! So then, on one hand, I serve the law of God in my mind, but on the other hand, the flesh is subject to the principle of sin.

ROMANS CHAPTER 8

8:1There is, therefore, now no condemnation to those who are in the Anointed One, Jesus – those who don’t conduct their lives following the flesh but following the Spirit. 8:2This is because the law of the Spirit of God’s life operating in you through the Anointed One, Jesus, frees you from the principle of sin and death.

8:3For the law was ineffective, being weak because it only worked through the efforts of the flesh [i.e. will power, human reasoning, etc.]. But God, sending his own Son in the form of sinful humanity in order to treat the problem of sin, brought judicial judgment against it, opening the way to end sin in the human nature. 8:4This is so that the ordinances of the law would be fulfilled in those who don’t conduct their lives following the flesh but following the Spirit.*

*Please note that there is a great difference between “fulfilling the law” and keeping it. Here we see that through the Spirit, believers actually fulfill the law, not “keep” it.

8:5For those who are walking according to the flesh think about the things of the flesh, but those who are walking according to the Spirit have their mind filled with the thoughts {ideas, opinions, etc.} of the Spirit. 8:6For the mind focused on the flesh produces death, but the mind attuned to the Spirit brings God’s life and peace. 8:7This is because the fleshly mind is hostile to God, for it does not submit to the law of God. In fact, it’s not able to.

8:8Consequently, those who are in the flesh cannot please God. 8:9But you are not controlled by the flesh but by the Spirit if, truly, the Spirit of God lives in you. But if anyone does not have the Spirit of the Anointed One, he is not of him. 8:10And if the Anointed One is in you, on the one hand, your body is without the power to do what is right because of sin, but, on the other hand, your spirit is full of God’s life because of being made right with God.

8:11Moreover, if the Spirit of him who resurrected Jesus from the dead lives in you, he who resurrected the Anointed One, Jesus, from the dead will even empower your perishable bodies to live righteously through his Spirit which lives in you.

8:12So then, brethren, we do not owe anything to the flesh which would compel us to live according to the flesh.

8:13For if you live according to the flesh, your expectation is only death. But if by the Spirit you put to death the fallen practices of the body, you will be full of God’s life. 8:14For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are the mature sons of God.

8:15For you did not receive a spirit which takes you back to slavery to sin, resulting in fear, but you received the Spirit of sonship, through which we cry, “Abba, Father.”

8:16The Spirit himself testifies together with our spirit that we are children of God. 8:17And if we are children, then we are also heirs, truly heirs of God and joint heirs with the Anointed One, if in fact we suffer with him so that we may also be glorified with him.

8:18For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which will be revealed in us. 8:19For the creation is waiting with intense anticipation for the revealing of the mature sons of God.

8:20Now the creation was subjected to degradation, not voluntarily but because of him who subjected it in the hope 8:21that even the creation itself will also be delivered from the slavery of decay into the liberty of the children of God when they are glorified. 8:22For we know that the whole creation groans and suffers birthing pains until today.

8:23And not only this, but we also who have the initial offering {firstfruits} of the Spirit even groan within ourselves waiting to be placed as mature sons, i.e. the full release by ransom, the glorification of our body.

8:24For we are saved with this hope. But hope which is seen is not hope, for who hopes for something which he already sees? 8:25But if we hope for something which we don’t yet see, then we patiently wait for it.

8:26And in the same way the Spirit also helps us in our weaknesses. For we don’t even know how to pray as we should, but the Spirit himself intercedes for us with groaning which cannot be expressed in words. 8:27And he who searches the hearts also understands the thoughts of the Spirit; therefore, he intercedes for the ones set apart for God according to the will of God.

8:28Now we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, specifically to those who are called according to his purpose. 8:29For whom he foreknew, he also predetermined that they would be conformed to the image of his Son, so that he would be the firstborn among many brethren. 8:30And whom he predetermined, those he also calls. And whom he calls, those he also makes righteous. And whom he makes just, those he also glorifies.*

*This is something which will happen at his coming.

8:31What then can we say about these things? If God is for us, who can be against us? 8:32He who didn’t spare his own Son but delivered him up for us all, how will he not also, through our relationship with him, freely give us all these things?

8:33Who is the one who accuses God’s chosen? It is God who considers them innocent. 8:34Who is the one who condemns? It is the Anointed One, Jesus, who died, and even more, who rose from the dead, who is in the place of supreme honor and authority of God, and who also intercedes for us. 8:35What could separate us from the love of the Anointed One? Will affliction, or anguish, or persecution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or sword be able to?

8:36Even as it is written, “For your sake we are put to death all day long. We are considered as sheep ready for slaughter” (Ps 44:22). 8:37But in all these things we are completely victorious through the One who loved us.

8:38For I am persuaded that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor heavenly rulers, nor powers, nor things which now are, nor things in the future, 8:39nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing will be able to separate us from the love of God which is in the Anointed One, Jesus our Lord.

ROMANS CHAPTER 9

9:1I speak the truth in the Anointed One; I do not lie. My conscience testifies with me in the Holy Spirit 9:2that I have great sorrow and unceasing pain in my heart.

9:3For I would be willing to make a vow to be banished** from the Anointed One if it could help my brethren, my relatives according to human lineage 9:4who are Israelites. For from them comes the placement as sons, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the service of God and the promises. 9:5From them also came the fathers and from them the Anointed One came according to human lineage: the One who is over all, the blessed God for all eternity. Amen.

**Even though Paul might have “wished” this, it is completely impossible.

9:6But it is not as though the word of God has become ineffective. For not all the ones who are of Israel are that “Israel,” 9:7and not all who are God’s children are from the physical seed of Abraham. But we read, “Your seed will receive their name through Isaac” (Gen 21:12).

9:8That is to say, it is not the children of earthly lineage who are the children of God, but it is the children of the promise who are considered to be “seed.” 9:9For this is the word of the promise, “About this time next year I will visit you and Sarah will have a son” (Gen 18:10).

9:10And not only this, when Rebecca had conceived both Jacob and Esau through only one intimate act with our father Isaac, 9:12it was said to her: “The older will serve the younger.” 9:11This was said before they were born, having done nothing either good or bad, showing that the purpose of God according to his choosing will stand, not through works, but through him who calls. 9:13Even as it was written, “Jacob I loved, but Esau I detested” (Mal 1:2,3).

9:14What can we say then? Is God unjust? In no way! 9:15For he said to Moses, “I will show mercy to whom I choose to show mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I choose to have compassion” (Ex 33:19).

9:16So then God’s favor is not gained by the one who is determined or by the one who strives but by God showing mercy.

9:17For the scripture says to Pharaoh, “For this very purpose I raised you up so that I might demonstrate my power against you and so that my name would be widely proclaimed throughout the whole earth” (Ex 9:16). 9:18So then he has mercy on whom he wishes and whom he chooses to, he hardens.

9:19So then you will say to me, “Why does he still find fault? For who can resist his will?” (2 Chr 20:6). 9:20That is no doubt true. But who are you, oh man, who disputes with God? Can the thing which is made say to him who made it, “Why did you make me like this?”

9:21Or doesn’t the potter have power over the clay, on the one hand, to make a vessel of great value, and, on the other hand, to make another for dirty use – from one batch of clay?

9:22What if God, wishing to demonstrate his wrath and to make his power known, endured with much leniency vessels of wrath which were prepared for destruction 9:23so that, in contrast, he could make known the abundance of his glory through vessels of mercy which he prepared ahead of time for the purpose of being glorified.

9:24This is what he has prepared for us whom he also called out, not only from among the Jews but also from among the Gentiles. 9:25As he said also in Hosea, “I will call them my people who were not my people and her ‘beloved’ who was not loved” (Hos 2:23). 9:26“And it will be that in the place where it was said to them, ‘You are not my people,’ there they will be called ‘sons of the living God’” (Hos 1:10).

9:27And Isaiah cried out concerning Israel saying, “Even though the sons of Israel would be as numerous as the sand of the sea, only a remnant will be saved. 9:28For the Lord will fulfill his word in righteousness upon the earth, thoroughly and quickly” (Is 10:22,23). 9:29And, as Isaiah has said before, “Except the Lord of the heavenly armies had left behind a Seed for us, we would have become like Sodom and have been like Gomorrah” (Is 1:9).

9:30What can we say then? That the Gentiles who did not pursue righteousness attained righteousness, even the righteousness which is through faith.

9:31But Israel, pursuing righteousness by following the law, did not arrive at the righteousness which is in the law. 9:32Why not? Because they sought it through works instead of by faith. They stumbled against the stone of stumbling 9:33just as it is written, “Look, I lay a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense in Zion. But he who is believing on him will not be disgraced” (Ps 118:22; Is 28:16).

ROMANS CHAPTER 10

10:1Brethren, my heart’s desire and my prayer to God is for them that they may be saved. 10:2For I testify concerning them that they have a zeal for God, but not according to a correct understanding. 10:3For being ignorant of God’s righteousness and seeking to establish their own righteousness, they do not submit themselves to the righteousness of God.

10:4For the Anointed One is the end of the law resulting in righteousness for everyone who is believing. 10:5For Moses writes about the righteousness of the law saying, “The one who keeps them must live by them” (Lev 18:5).

10:6But the righteousness of faith says this, “Don’t say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’ (That is, to bring the Anointed One down.) 10:7Or, ‘Who will descend into the unmeasurable depths?’ (That is, to bring the Anointed One up from the dead.)”

10:8But what does it say? “The word* which has been proclaimed is near you, in your mouth and in your heart” (Deut 30:12-14). That is the message of the faith which we proclaim.

*Words of God spoken in or by the Holy Spirit; RHEMA in the Greek language.

10:9Therefore, if with your mouth you make a covenant to take Jesus as your Master and are believing in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be being saved.

10:10For with the heart man believes into righteousness and with the mouth a covenant is made which results in salvation. 10:11As the scripture says, “Whoever is believing on him will not be disgraced” (Is 28:16).

10:12For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek for the same Lord is Lord of all and is abundantly available to all who call upon him. 10:13For, everyone who is calling on the name of the Lord will be being saved.

10:14How then can they call on him in whom they have not believed? And how can they be believing in him whom they have not heard? And how will they hear without someone proclaiming him? 10:15And how can they proclaim unless they are sent? Just as it is written, “How beautiful are the feet of those who proclaim the good news of peace, who bring good news of good things!” (Is 52:7).

10:16But they didn’t all listen to the good news. For Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our report?” (Is 53:1). 10:17So faith comes through hearing and hearing by the word which is spoken {RHEMA, Gk} by God.

10:18But I say, “Didn’t they hear?” Certainly, “Their sound went out into all the earth and their words to the ends of the world” (Ps 19:4). 10:19But I ask, “Didn’t Israel know?” First Moses says, “I will provoke you to jealousy with that which is not a nation and I will anger you with a nation deprived of understanding” (Deut 32:21).

10:20Then Isaiah was very bold and says, “I was found by those who didn’t seek me. I was revealed to those who weren’t asking for me” (Is 65:1). 10:21But concerning Israel he says, “All the day long I opened my arms to a resistant and argumentative people” (Is 65:2).

ROMANS CHAPTER 11

11:1I say then, “Did God repudiate his people?” In no way! For I also am an Israelite of the seed of Abraham of the tribe of Benjamin. 11:2God did not repudiate his people whom he already knew. Or don’t you know what the scripture says about Elijah, how he conversed with God concerning Israel saying, 11:3“Lord, they have killed your prophets; they have overthrown your altars. I alone am left and they demand my life.” 11:4But what is the divine answer to him? “I have reserved for myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal” (I Kings 19:10,14,18).

11:5In the same way, then, at this present time also there is a remnant, i.e. those who were chosen through grace. 11:6But if it is by grace it is no longer by works; otherwise, grace is no longer grace. 11:7What then? That which Israel anxiously seeks for he didn’t obtain. But the chosen obtained it and the rest were hardened.

11:8This is according to what is written, “God gave them a spirit of slumber, eyes that don’t see and ears that don’t hear, until this very day” (Is 29:10,13). 11:9And David says, “Let their religious feasts become a snare, a trap, and an obstacle as a repayment to them. 11:10Let their eyes be darkened so that they don’t see and have their backs constantly bent over in servitude” (Ps 69:22,23).

11:11I say then, “Did they stumble so that they would fall without any chance to return?” In no way! But through their error, salvation has come to the Gentiles to provoke them to jealousy.

11:12Now if their error resulted in “wealth” for the world and their loss in riches for the Gentiles, how much more would their fulness provide? 11:13But I speak to you who are Gentiles. To the extent that I am truly a sent one to the Gentiles, I magnify my service 11:14if by any means I may provoke those who are my people to jealousy and through this may save some of them.

11:15For if their rejection results in the reconciling of the world, what will their being received be if not life from the dead? 11:16And if the offering of the first part of the bread dough is holy, so is the rest of the batch. And if the root is holy, so are the branches.

11:17But if some of the branches were broken off and you, being a wild olive branch, were grafted in among them and became a partaker with them of the root of the fatness of the olive tree, 11:18don’t exult over the other branches. But if you exult remember, it is not you who supports the root but the root which supports you.

11:19You might say then, “Those branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.” 11:20Well, they were broken off through their unbelief and you stand by your faith. Don’t be proud but be reverent. 11:21For if God didn’t spare the natural branches, it may be that he won’t spare you either.

11:22See, then, both the goodness and the severity of God! On one hand, towards those who fell, God shows severity, but, on the other hand, toward you, God demonstrates his goodness, if you continue in his goodness. Otherwise you also will be cut off. 11:23And they also, if they don’t continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in. For God is able to graft them in again. 11:24For if you were cut off from that which is by nature a wild olive tree and were grafted into a good olive tree contrary to nature, how much more readily will these which are the natural branches be grafted into their own olive tree?

11:25For I don’t want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brethren, so that you don’t become unwise, i.e. that a partial hardening has happened to Israel until the complete number of the Gentiles have entered in. 11:26And afterwards, all Israel will be saved, just as it is written, “A deliverer will come out of Zion and he will turn away ungodliness from Jacob.” 11:27“And this will be my covenant to them when I take away their sins” (Is 59:20,21; 27:9).

11:28On the one hand, concerning the good news, they are enemies because of you, but, on the other hand, concerning being chosen, they are loved because of the Fathers. 11:29For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable.

11:30For just as in the past you resisted persuasion by God but now have been shown mercy in spite of your disobedience, 11:31in the same way these who also are currently resisting persuasion by God’s mercy, will also obtain mercy. 11:32For God has closed up all in disobedience so that he might have mercy on all.

11:33Oh, the profound abundance of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How inscrutable are his judgments and his ways are untraceable! 11:34For, “Who has understood the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor?” 11:35“Or who has first given to him so that it will be paid back to him again?” (Is 40:13; Job 41:11). 11:36For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be the glory for all eternity. Amen.

ROMANS CHAPTER 12

12:1I beg you, therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as living sacrifices, holy, acceptable to God, which is your logical way to serve. 12:2And don’t be conformed to the patterns of this age but be being transformed by the renovation of your mind, so that you can verify through experience what is the good, acceptable, and perfect will of God.

12:3Through the grace that was given me, I now say to everyone who is among you not to think highly of himself instead of what you should think. But rather he should think rationally according to how God has assigned to each one a portion of faith.

12:4For just as our physical body has many members but all the members don’t have the same function, 12:5so we who are many are one body in the Anointed One and each one members of the others. 12:6But each one has different gifts according to the grace that was given to us.

If we have the gift of prophecy, let us prophesy according to the proportion of our faith; 12:7or the gift of service, let us give ourselves to service; or the gift of teaching, let us dedicate ourselves to teaching. 12:8He who encourages should be engaged in his encouraging. He who gives should do it with generosity. He who leads must do so with diligence. He who shows mercy should do so willingly.

12:9Let love be without hypocrisy, abhorring that which is evil but clinging to that which is good. 12:10Concerning love for the brethren, show affection for each other, honoring the others by giving them preference. 12:11Don’t be lazy in earnest service, but instead be fervent in your spirit, serving the Lord as a slave. 12:12Always be rejoicing in the hope;* be patient in affliction; be continuing constantly in prayer; 12:13be a partner in helping with the necessities of those set apart for God; be eager to show hospitality.

12:14Bless those who persecute you. Bless them and don’t curse them. 12:15Rejoice with those who rejoice and weep with those who weep. 12:16Use God’s wisdom in relating to each other, not thinking proud thoughts but associating with those who are lowly. Don’t be conceited. 12:17Don’t pay back wrongs with wrongs. Consider carefully how to behave honorably in the sight of all men.

12:18As much as you possibly can, be at peace with everyone. 12:19Don’t take revenge yourselves, beloved, but yield to the wrath of God, for it is written, “Vengeance belongs to me, I will repay, says the Lord” (Lev 19:18).

12:20“But if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him something to drink. For by doing this you will pile up coals of fire on his head” (Pr 25:21,22). 12:21Don’t be overcome by evil but overcome evil with good.

*”The hope” mentioned here is the hope of being glorified.

ROMANS CHAPTER 13

13:1Let every soul be submitted to the civil authorities. For there is no authority unless it is from God. And the civil authorities that exist are arranged by God. 13:2Therefore, whoever rebels against the civil authority opposes the arrangement of God and those who rebel will receive judgment. 13:3For rulers are not a terror to those who do good works but to those who are evil.

Do you want to avoid being afraid of the one in authority? Do what is right and he will commend you for it. 13:4For he is a servant of God for your good. But if you practice what is evil you should be afraid, for he has a good reason to be armed {“carry the sword,” Gk}, seeing that he is a servant of God, punishing with his anger the one who does evil.

13:5Therefore, it is necessary for you to be submissive, not only because of possible punishment but also for conscience’ sake. 13:6This is the reason you also must pay taxes to them, for they {the secular authorities} are servants of God continually doing his work.

13:7Pay what is due to everyone: tribute to whom tribute is due; taxes to whom taxes are due; respect to whom respect is due; honor to whom honor is due. 13:8Owe no one anything except to love each other, for he who loves his neighbor has fulfilled the law.

13:9For all this: “You shall not commit adultery; You shall not kill; You shall not steal; You shall not covet;” and if there is any other commandment, it is summed up in this saying: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” 13:10Love does no wrong to his neighbor. Therefore, love is the fulfillment of the law.

13:11And I also say this: Be recognizing the season, for it is already time for you to wake up out of sleep, for our ultimate salvation [the glorification of the body] is now nearer than when we first believed. 13:12The night is far gone and the day approaches. Let us, therefore, throw off the works of darkness and let us put on the armor of light.

13:13Let us walk decently as people do during the day, not in wild parties and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and lewd behavior, and not in quarrels and jealousy. 13:14But clothe yourself with the Lord Jesus the Anointed One and don’t make any provision for the flesh to satisfy its carnal cravings.

ROMANS CHAPTER 14

14:1Receive those who are weak in faith, but not to disputes about details. 14:2One man has faith to eat all things, but he who is weak in faith eats only vegetables. 14:3The one who eats everything must not treat the one who eats only vegetables with contempt and the one who eats only vegetables must not judge the one who eats everything, for God has received him.

14:4Who are you who judges someone else’s servant? He will stand or fall to his own master. But he will be upheld, for the Lord is powerful enough to uphold him. 14:5One man thinks that one day is more important than another. Another thinks that every day is the same. Let each one be fully persuaded in his own mind.

14:6He who honors a day, honors it to the Lord, and he who eats, eats to the Lord, for he is thankful to God. And he who doesn’t eat, doesn’t eat to the Lord, yet he still is thankful to God. 14:7For none of us lives to himself and none dies to himself. 14:8For whether we live, we live to the Lord, or whether we die, we die to the Lord. Therefore, whether we live or die, we are the Lord’s.

14:9For the Anointed One died, rose up, and became alive again so that he would be Lord of both the dead and the living.

14:10But you, why do you judge your brother? Or you too, why do you treat your brother with contempt? For we will all stand before the judgment seat of the Anointed One. 14:11For it is written, “As I live, says the Lord, every knee will bow to me and every tongue will acknowledge me as God” (Is 45:23).

14:12So then each one of us will give an account of ourselves to God. 14:13Let us, therefore, not judge each other anymore but determine this instead: that no one place any motive for stumbling in his brother’s way or any snare. [See 1 Jn 2:9-11]. 14:14I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean of itself, except that to him who thinks that anything is unclean, it is unclean to him.

14:15But if your brother is grieved because of your food, you are no longer walking in love. Don’t damage someone for whom the Anointed One died by what you eat. 14:16Therefore, don’t let something which is good [i.e. your freedom to eat anything] become something others can criticize. 14:17For the experience of the kingdom of God does not consist of food and drink but of righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit.

14:18For he who serves the Anointed One in all these considerations is acceptable to God and approved by men also. 14:19So then let us pursue the things which lead to peace and the ways through which we may build up each other.

14:20Don’t damage the work of God for the sake of food. On the one hand, all things are clean; however, on the other hand, it is wrong to offend someone else with what you eat. 14:21It is best not to eat meat or drink wine or to do anything by which your brother is offended.

14:22The faith which you have, have to yourself before God. Happy is he whose conscience does not condemn him for the things he allows himself to do. 14:23But he who has doubts is condemned by his conscience if he eats something without being sure it is right because he eats it without faith. For anything which is not of faith is sin.

ROMANS CHAPTER 15

15:1Now we who are strong ought to bear with the consciences of those who are weak and not merely please ourselves. 15:2Let each one of us seek to please his neighbor for his good and for building him up.

15:3For the Anointed One also did not please himself, but as it is written, “The scorn of those who reviled you, God, fell upon me” (Ps 69:9). 15:4For whatever was written beforehand was written for our instruction so that through patience and through the support of the scriptures, we might have hope.

15:5Now may the God of patience, even the One who comes alongside to help, grant you to have this same understanding with respect to each other according to the Anointed One, Jesus, 15:6so that with one passion and with one voice you may glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus, the Anointed One.

15:7Therefore, receive each other just as the Anointed One also received you, to the glory of God. 15:8For I say that the Anointed One has been made a servant of those of the “circumcision” for the truth of God, to fulfill the promises given to the fathers, 15:9and so that the Gentiles would glorify God for his mercy, as it is written, “Therefore, I will praise you among the Gentiles and sing to your name.” 15:10And again he says, “Rejoice, you Gentiles, with his people.” 15:11And again, “Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles, and let all the peoples praise him” (2 Sam 22:50).

15:12Yet again Isaiah says, “There will be the root of Jesse, even the One who rises up to rule over the Gentiles. The Gentiles will have hope because of him” (Ps 18:49; 117:1; Is 11:10).

15:13Now may the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace through faith so that you may abound in hope through the power of the Holy Spirit. 15:14And I myself am persuaded concerning you, my brethren, that you also are full of kindness, filled with all wisdom, thus being able to admonish each other.

15:15But I write to you this way with even more boldness to remind you of these things because of the grace that was given me by God. 15:16This is so that I would be a servant of the Anointed One, Jesus, to the Gentiles, serving the good news from God to them as a priest so that the offering up of the Gentiles might be made acceptable, having been made holy by the Holy Spirit.

15:17I have my reasons, then, to boast in the Anointed One, Jesus – things with respect to God. 15:18But I don’t dare mention anything except those things which the Anointed One has done through me by word and work, in the power of signs and wonders even in the power of the Holy Spirit, resulting in the obedience of the Gentiles 15:19so that from Jerusalem and all around as far as Illyricum I have fully proclaimed the good news of the Anointed One.

15:20But I made it my goal to announce the good news message where the name of the Anointed One had not already been heard so that I would not build on another man’s foundation 15:21even as it is written, “Those to whom no news of him came will see and those who have not heard will understand” (Is 52:15).

15:22For this reason also, I was held back these many times from coming to you. 15:23But now, not having any more opportunities to serve here in these areas and having a longing to come to you for many years, 15:24whenever I go to Spain I will come to you. For I hope to see you on my journey and to be sent forward on my way by you after first, taking part in and being satisfied by having fellowship with you.

15:25But now, I am going to Jerusalem to serve those set apart for God. 15:26For those in Macedonia and Achaia wanted to make a certain contribution to the poor among those set apart for God who are at Jerusalem. 15:27In fact, they were pleased to do so because they are indebted to them. For since the Gentiles have been made partakers of their spiritual things, they owe it to them to serve them in physical things.

15:28Then, after having finished this service and having confirmed this “fruit” to them, I will stop by you on the way to Spain. 15:29And I know that when I come to you, it will be in the full complement of the blessing of the Anointed One.

15:30Now I beg you, brethren, by our Lord Jesus the Anointed One and by the love you have in the spirit, that you strive together with me in your prayers to God for me 15:31so that I would be delivered from those who are disobedient in Judea and that my service which I have for Jerusalem may be well received by those set apart for God.

15:32Pray also that I may come to you with joy by the will of God and be refreshed together with you. 15:33Now may the God of peace be with you all. Amen.

ROMANS CHAPTER 16

16:1I highly recommend to you Phoebe, our sister who is a servant of the gathering of the called-out ones that is at Cenchrea, 16:2so that you would receive her in the Lord in a way which is appropriate for those set apart for God and that you would assist her in anything which she might need from you. For she herself has also helped many others, including myself.

16:3Greet Priscilla and Aquila my fellow workers in the Anointed One, Jesus, 16:4who risked their own necks for my life, to whom not only I give thanks, but also all the gatherings of the called-out ones of the Gentiles. 16:5And greet the gathering of the called-out ones which is in their house. Greet Epaenetus, who is worthy of love, who is the first fruits of Asia to the Anointed One.

16:6Greet Mary, who worked very hard for you. 16:7Greet Andronicus and Junia, my relatives and my fellow prisoners who are well-known among the sent ones and who also were in the Anointed One before me. 16:8Greet Ampliatus, who is loved in the Lord. 16:9Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in the Anointed One and Stachys, my beloved.

16:10Greet Apelles, who has been approved in the Anointed One. Greet those who are of the household of Aristobulus. 16:11Greet Herodion, my relative. Greet those of the household of Narcissus who are in the Lord.

16:12Greet Tryphena and Tryphosa who work hard in the Lord. Greet Persis, the beloved who has done much work in the Lord. 16:13Greet Rufus, the chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine.

16:14Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brethren who are with them. 16:15Greet Philologus and Julia, Nereus and his sister Olympas, and all the holy ones who are with them. 16:16Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the gatherings of the Anointed One’s called-out ones send you greetings.

16:17Now I plead with you, brethren, be wary of those who are creating divisions and trying to trap others for their own groups which is contrary to the teaching you learned, and turn away from them. 16:18For such people do not serve our Lord, the Anointed One, but their own selfish ambitions, and through their plausible arguments and slick words they deceive the hearts of the gullible.

16:19But news of your obedience has been spread to everyone, everywhere. Therefore, I rejoice about you. But I want you to be wise about what is good and pure toward what is evil. 16:20And the God of peace will crush Satan under your feet shortly. The grace of our Lord Jesus the Anointed One be with you.

16:21Timothy, my fellow worker, greets you, along with Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater, my relatives. 16:22I Tertius, who writes this letter for Paul, greet you in the Lord. 16:23Gaius, my host and of the whole gathering of the called-out ones, greets you. Erastus, the treasurer of the city, greets you and Quartus the brother.*

16:25Now to him who is able to establish you according to my message of good news, even the proclaiming of Jesus the Anointed One – which is about the revelation of the mystery that has been kept in silence from eternal times, 16:26but which now, following the mandate of the eternal God, is being revealed by means of the prophetic scriptures and is being made known to all the nations for obedience of faith – 16:27to the One and only all-wise God, to him is the glory forever through Jesus the Anointed One. Amen.

*The most ancient manuscripts do not include verse 24.

Words in this translation found in italics are words which are implied by the Greek text but do not represent actual words in the Greek text. This practice is common in almost all modern translations. Occasionally, this translator has added words to the translation which represent his own ideas and opinions which, although they are based on his own biblical understanding, are not part of the actual Greek text. Such words are enclosed in brackets like this [ ]. The reader should understand these words as being the opinion of the translator. In contrast to this, the words in these braces { } indicate legitimate, alternative translations or explanations. Words within parentheses () are part of the original Greek text. Such parentheses are often used in other New Testament translations also.

End of The Letter of Paul to the Romans

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